Azhand is a vertically integrated group of pharmaceutical companies that include R&D in various areas of medicinal chemistry, manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), Drug Products (DPs) and distribution of DPs. Medicinal chemistry R&D is the distinguishing facet of the Azhand Group and it is centered in Andisheh Inc. (vide infra). APIs, including high potency molecules, are manufactured at Arasto Pharmaceutical Chemicals Inc. and oral DPs, including high potency DPs, are manufactured at Avicenna Pharmaceuticals Inc. Avicenna Chemotherapy Inc. distributes various products manufactured by Azhand.